What is Lead?
Lead is a soft metal naturally occurring in the Earth’s crust. It has been determined, however, that lead has no useful purpose in the human body and acts as a toxin. It takes the place of essential minerals, such as calcium, potassium, and iron, which are vital to the construction and repair of bones, organs, and blood. Lead exposures are a major health concern, especially in young children under the age of six.
Children, due to their smaller body mass and higher metabolism, are affected by lead exposure much more severely than adults. They ingest lead through daily hand-to-mouth activities and may develop severe attention deficit disorders, irreversible brain injury, learning disabilities, and aggressive behaviors. The symptoms of lead poisoning often mimic other afflictions such as flu, colic, or general malaise.
Sources of Lead Poisoning
Since lead is ingested by routine daily activities such as eating, playing, and working, it is important to understand the sources of lead exposure. The most common places to find lead in household settings are interior and exterior paint, as well as contaminated dust and soil. Lead-based paint is most hazardous when it is chipping, peeling, cracking, or chalking; or applied to friction surfaces of components such as doors, windows, and floors. The abrasive action of painted surfaces rubbing together causes lead-containing paints to be ground into fine dust.
NYC Local Law 31 of 2020
NYC Local Law 31 of 2020 requires owners of residential buildings, including multi-family homes, built before 1960 (or between 1960-1978 if lead-based paint is known to exist) to conduct lead-based paint inspections by an EPA-certified inspector or risk assessor. These inspections must be completed within one year of a child under six residing in the unit or by August 9, 2025, for all applicable units that have not been previously tested. Property owners who fail to comply with inspection requirements may face fines of up to $1000-$5000 per day per violation, with additional penalties for non-compliance.